Tuesday, December 24, 2019

Homosexuality Paper -Philosophy - 1526 Words

Is Homosexuality Right Or Wrong? by Nazha Gali My topic is homosexuality and the natural law theory. The natural law theory, which was founded by Aquinas, rests on a certain view that the world has a rational order with values and purposes built into its very nature. And since homosexuality is against the orders of nature, the natural law theory totally condemns it. I disagree with this point of view because I choose not to judge homosexuals but instead I accept them as members of our society. Middle Eastern societies do not accept homosexuals because their beliefs are against it, but sometimes different behaviors can add to the diversity in a society. We should not let homosexuals feel like they are being looked down upon or treated†¦show more content†¦The natural law theory would answer that it is morally wrong because it is not at all reasonable to love someone from the same sex. Otherwise, why would God create Adam and Eve rather than create Adam and Steve? If the Earth was inhabited by people of the same sex, then it would be more reasonable to practice homosexuality. I tend to disagree with the natural law theory views on homosexuality. Even following this, it may be irrational to love someone of the same sex, but it does not make it a wrong action. The natural law theory commits a naturalistic fallacy. It is deriving an ought: immoral to be homosexual from an is: people being created as males and females. Thus, this argument has a naturalistic fallacy and is a non-valid argument. According to the natural law theory, gay sex is condemned because such sex is used for purposes other than procreation, but what if a guy gets pleasure from having sex with another guy? Pleasure sensation is something good and should not be looked upon as something evil or bad. One wonders why God created our sex organs with so much nerve endings if the purpose of the sex organs is not pleasure sensation. Second, sex is something sacred and one should share it with the one he loves and thereby if one wants to have sex to express the love for the loved one and not for procreation, this is not wrong. When a guy is having sex with another guy sure he is not using his sex organsShow MoreRelated Homosexuality in the Film Latter Days and in Sexual Perversion by Nagel1369 Words   |  6 Pagesbetter understanding on one of the most controversial types of relationships, homosexuality. The topic of homosexuality isn’t easy to openly talk about but it is important as philosophy students, to have an open-mind about topics that we don’t partake in. Doing so allows us to promote new ways of thinking about the world around us and see them in a whole new light. In this personal response paper, I will discuss homosexuality in connection with the film Latter Days to determine why a homosexual relationshipRead MoreSexuality And Same Sex Relationships Essay981 Words   |  4 Pages According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, German psychologist, Karoly Maria Benkert founded the term â €˜homosexuality’ in the late 19th century Although the term is practically new, discussions about sexuality and same-sex attraction have been around for a long time. (Pickett) This paper will discuss the history of same sex relationships, as well as the social, cultural and political factors that have affected same-sex families in North America. History of Same-Sex Relationships ManyRead MoreA Case Study On Homosexuality1303 Words   |  6 Pagespayments., Iif he doesn’t pay those bills soon he will be unable to register for his next semester classes. With this paper, I will examine the history of homosexuality in men and see how it was viewed back in much earlier times, when this identity began to arise more rapidly over time as well as any changes along the way, and how we as a society look at homosexuality today. Homosexuality is the sexual attraction to people of ones’ own sex. Until this identity was â€Å"established† there was a massive multitudeRead MoreKant and Gay Marriage Essays859 Words   |  4 Pagescould be an entire paper by itself. So let us explore Kant’s maxims as they relate to this issue. The first maxim of Kant’s Categorical Imperative could be a problem with homosexuality as it implies that if you are homosexual everyone else ought to be. Although this is not really true but could still be argued that as long as everyone had the right to be a homosexual the laws of Universalisation would stand to be true. Universalisation says that we should apply homosexuality as a maxim and applyRead MoreThe Prohibition Of Same Sex Marriage1326 Words   |  6 PagesGrisales, Estefania Philosophy Paper Tuesday, Thursday 11:15 AM Why Should People Interfere in Someone Else’s Decision of Who to Love?: Same-Sex Marriage In this paper, I argue against the prohibition of same-sex marriage. To begin, the prohibition is a violation of personal freedom. We should respect the freedom each human has to choose who they want to love and who they want to spend their lives with; why should it be somebody else’s decision when is a personal life. Furthermore, it is importantRead MoreSexual Orientation And Identity Of An Individual2117 Words   |  9 Pagessexual orientation. This paper is tailored to give the topic of sexual orientation a deeper and wide look. For deeper examination and understanding, the topic sexual orientation has been broken down into a number of subtopics. This paper will discuss the fundamental concepts of sexual orientation, the development of human sexual orientation, the history of the origin of sexual orientation and types of sexual orientations. In addition, this paper will discuss the various philosophies that explain the originRead MoreI Honors, Mccormack / Ecker1080 Words   |  5 PagesFriday, March 11, 2016 Tiffany Soto Philosophy I Honors, McCormack/Ecker Period 3 Papal Paper On April 19th, 2005, when the wisps of white smoke puffed from the chimney of Sistine Chapel, the Roman Catholic Church had their first German Pope since the 11th century. Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger, known as Benedict the XVI, is the two hundred and sixty-sixth Pope of the Roman Catholic Church. Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger was elevated to the papacy on April 19th the year 2005, due to the death of the belovedRead MoreHomosexuality in Canada1783 Words   |  8 PagesResearch Paper Outline: Homosexuality in Canada Introduction Invention is the greatest idea of our time. Whether it is medical, scientific, social, or mechanical, a new invention of the day seems to be part of our everyday lives. Homosexuality is really no different. It may not be your everyday invention, but it clearly is and people throughout time to try and identify the first â€Å"known homosexual† in time. Some people wanted this new idea of homosexuality to just go away, but as time has goneRead MoreEssay about A Life of Celibacy; Buddhism and Sex1910 Words   |  8 Pagesof a celibate life that makes for a true monk or nun, but the ability to realize that the sexual desirability of self or others is not the fundamental meaning of human worth. This is only realized when we can be totally at oneness. Buddhist philosophy explains that humans have the freedom to choose, but that our mind controls us, which leads us to continue in the circle of existence and therefore not reach the fundamental goal that is enlightenment. A Buddhist therefore aims to eliminate theRead MoreThe Quantitative Article, Donaldson, Sue And Will Essay1153 Words   |  5 Pagesbe citizens in the polis regardless of tyranny,† this is backed up by main ideas and supported by their arguments. Kymlicka’s credentials include, being a Professor of Philosophy and having a Canadian Research Chair in the Political Philosophy field, having a B.A. in political studies and philosophy and his D.Phil. in philosophy. Therefore, the article â€Å"Unruly Beasts: Animal Citizens and the Threat of Tyranny† is a reliable source to consider when exploring the topic of animal citizenship. The

Monday, December 16, 2019

The Pain of Character Essay Samples

The Pain of Character Essay Samples Today, for example, you will likely meet someone in case you haven't already. Minor characters normally stay unchanged. The worn path explained in the story indicates the trials and problems that could happen in everyday things. The Fundamentals of Character Essay Samples You Will be Able to Benefit From Beginning Immediately To get to understand the words used to spell out such characters is very important in analyzing them. Do not become stuck with material possessions and what you've achieved in life. You may want to talk about the character's relationships as part of your character analysis. Before starting the writing task, it's important that you know the sorts of characters. All areas of the book are important. Interpret the way in which the author introduces the character. The writer needs to be in a position to bring an emotional link between the reader and the subject. When exploring, he will need to think critically. If you don't need to lose your way, make an outline. Regardless of the character you decide to analyze, don't forget to come up with a vital focus for your analysis and utilize evidence from the text to help support your conclusions. Lastly, the detail of true speech makes the scene pop. Likewise you should know the details about a character so as to finish a productive analysis. Character Essay Samples and Character Essay Samples - The Perfect Combination You'll also give their name and perhaps some family background. The major one is to enhance her or his analytical skills. The career theme is really self-explanatory. The amazing aspects in having different personalities and characters are the wide range of our specific p references. The Argument About Character Essay Samples Stories tend to get a start, a complication, and a resolution. Templates like Descriptive Essay about Office can be helpful for an individual who's planning to pay a visit to an office. Descriptive Narrative Essay Example may be used mainly to recreate an occasion. Students have to compose essays based on the teacher's instructions or their preferred style in writing. The Student starts to eat. Character essay will help to develop a feeling of inner feelings in any character. At First, you should select a character you're going to illustrate on. You should know your character really well. Second, you comprehend the character from various other characters points of view. Characteristics of Character Essay Samples The simplest way to set the form of an essay is to realize the writer's point of view. To learn to compose a character analysis essay you should note 1 thing. The principal issue to be mindful about in personal descriptive essay is that there shouldn't be any over-exaggeration. When writing a character analysis essay, it is simple to get lost on the manner. Sooner or later during your studies, you will probably encounter certain kinds of essays that are trickier than other people to write. A specialist writer who's seasoned in writing NHS essays can assist with an outline, give advice, point you in the proper direction, or even compose the full essay below your guidelines. So, the students may want to see the importance of a good prologue to their essay. You are able to make yours different if you purchase a paper accomplished by a specialist online. At our cheap essay writing service, you can be certain to acquire credible academic aid for an affordable price, since the name of our site suggests. Knowing the legality of the organization you're purchasing the sample paper is paramount. The results of a purchases paper on the internet can show the importance of relying on experts for such help.

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Tartuffe Essay Research Paper Molieres neoclassic comedy free essay sample

Tartuffe Essay, Research Paper Moliere? s neoclassic comedy, Tartuffe, is a premier illustration of his expertness in the comedic technique. The secret plan is one that keeps the reader or spectator interested and cognizant. It begins with Madame Pernell sing her boy? s house and censuring all of them but their lodger, Tartuffe. She believes Tartuffe is a adult male of amazing character. The members of the house, nevertheless, disagree and say that Tartuffe is fallacious and a fraud. After Madam Pernell leaves, Dorine and Cleante, the amah and the brother-in-law of the chief character, Orgon, discuss Tartuffe and both agree that he has captivated Orgon. Damis, Orgon? s boy, wonders whether his male parent will let Mariane, Orgon? s girl, to get married Valere, who she is in love with, because Damis is in love with Valere? s sister. Orgon comes and tells Mariane that he wants her to get married Tartuffe alternatively of Valere because he wants to ally Tartuffe to his house. She is so aghast that she does non state anything. Cleante tries to state Orgon about Tartuffe? s misdirecting personality, but Orgon does non desire to hear it. Valere finds out about this proposed matrimony, and Dorine promises to assist Mariane and Cleante expose Tartuffe for the dissembler he is. Meanwhile, Damis has a program to conceal in a cupboard to seek to expose Tartuffe? s lip service. He hears Tartuffe profess love to Elmire, Orgon? s married woman, and suggests that they become lovers. Damis comes from the cupboard and threatens to state Orgon what he has said. Damis so tells Orgon, and Orgon is so unsighted to the truth, that he believes his ain boy is evil and disinherits him. Subsequently, when Orgon and Tartuffe are entirely, Orgon tells Tartuffe of his programs to do him his sole heir and his son-in-law. After this, Cleante tries to speak to Orgon about Tartuffe and he confronts Tartuffe in forepart of Orgon. Tartuffe merely dodges the inquiries, though, and leave s every bit shortly as possible. Elmire so convinces Orgon to conceal and happen out for himself about Tartuffe, so he does so. Tartuffe comes to see Elmire and one time once more professes his love. Orgon hears it all, comes from the cupboard, and prohibitions Tartuffe from his house. Orgon, nevertheless, has already signed over his house to Tartuffe and Tartuffe threatens him with this. Orgon is afraid because he has given Tartuffe some secret documents that could destroy his place in the tribunal. Tartuffe comes back subsequently with officers of the tribunal to seek to acquire Orgon? s house, but the male monarch has seen through Tartuffe and sides with Orgon. Tartuffe is ordered to be arrested and the narrative ends. This production seems to be about the sightlessness of Orgon and how easy a individual can lead on another. Tartuffe has fooled cipher but Orgon? the adult male who has the power and wealth in this state of affairs. The characters in this P ballad all play a certain function in the secret plan. Elmire, Orgon? s married woman, presents a sensible attitude towards life and the state of affairs. She was the lone one able to convert Orgon to see for himself that Tartuffe was a dissembler. She wants nil but to salvage her hubby from Tartuffe? s control. Damis, Orgon? s boy, is the luckless psyche to take the incrimination for his male parent? s misjudgment of Tartuffe. In seeking to assist his male parent, he loses his trust and his ties to him. He wants to maintain Tartuffe off from his household, but the lone thing he succeeds in making is losing his heritage. Mariane is the lovely girl, who is traveling to be forced to get married a adult male she does non love or even like. She is portion of Orgon? s program to do Tartuffe a member of the family, whether she likes it or non. She merely wants to get married the adult male she loves. Cleante is Orgon? s brother-in jurisprudence. He tries to acquire everyone to see the stat e of affairs with unagitated and ground. He wants the best for Orgon and his household. Tartuffe is the impostor who weasels his manner into Orgon? s heritage and so betrays him. He is merely looking for the money and is a really avaricious adult male. Orgon is the cardinal character that comes under the influence of Tartuffe. His lone want seems to be to do Tartuffe an ally to his house. He is unsighted to the existent state of affairs and seems to hold no common sense and no trust in his household and what they are stating him. He is duped by Tartuffe, and is merely saved by those he would non listen to earlier. He is a complex adult male who makes the narrative what it is. Tartuffe is a adult male of fraudulence and lecherousness. He lusts for money and this is what becomes his concluding ruin. He is the scoundrel of the production, which is obvious to both the audience and those in the narrative, except for Orgon and Madam Pernell. He is a maestro of masking his true ego. As a spiritual fan, he convinces Orgon and Madam Pernell that he is a pious and low adult male. He is a superior in the fact that he can acknowledge his victims failings and drama on them. He exploits these defects for his ain advantages. Tartuffe is far from a simple adult male. He is really watchful and uses all methods possible to make his end. In the production we watched the histrion playing Tartuffe brought these features to life. He was really successful in portraying the utmost falseness of Tartuffe. His behavior depicted 1 who betrays. There was such a complete alteration in attitude and behaviour when he would be with person such as Cleante than when he was with Orgon. His voice would go more sincere sounding ( even though we know it genuinely was non ) and he would soften his whole personality when he was with Orgon. I found it singular how accurately he portrayed Tartuffe. I believe he was highly successful in conveying Tartuffe? s character to life.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

The Importance and Relevance of Critical Thinking in both the classroom and the outside world

Importance in the Classroom Critical thinking is defined as the focused and logical capacity to develop helpful ideas in life. In the classroom, critical thinking skills are important in achieving success.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance and Relevance of Critical Thinking in both the classroom and the outside world specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the positive effects that result from critical thinking is the ability to develop excellent writing skills. The ability to approach problems from different angles is enhanced by appropriate application of critical thinking skills. Critical thinking also helps students to evaluate and organize arguments through logical and guided interpretation of various contexts. There are different types of reasoning in critical thinking. There is deductive reasoning, which derives several concepts and uses them to make a conclusion. By use of type of critical th inking, the student has the ability to analyze and evaluate different concepts to come up with the best solution. Inductive reasoning is another category, which enables an individual to develop a convincing solution to a particular problem. These types of reasoning also enable students to make logical and informed decisions in class (Moore 66). Critical thinking skills save a lot of time in class, as students find the shortest and most effective ways of dealing with the problems they encounter in class. Evaluation of alternatives is another benefit that students gain when they apply critical thinking skills. Critical thinking skills also help in doing away with ambiguity and enhancing effectiveness (Ellis and Toft 279). Using comparison models in critical thinking, students use past events to project their expectations. Critical thinkers are able to differentiate between emotional and rational ideas. This attribute helps them to enhance the precision and accuracy of their arguments. Rationality and logic help the students to improve their problem-solving skills and enhance the ability to solve classroom problems (Moore 61). Critical thinking skills enhance students’ communication skills, writing skills and learning skills, and as a result they become more confident and excellent in everything they do. Importance in the Outside World In the outside world, application of critical thinking skills is equally essential. At the workplace, critical thinking enhances the capacity and capability to make important decisions related to particular tasks. Taking my current work of a massage therapist as an example, critical thinking helps me appreciate the fact that every customer has his/her own preferences. Based on past activities, critical thinking skills help me to understand the needs of each client, without him telling me what to do.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn Mo re These skills also help me in resolving and substantiating ambiguous issues that arise at the workplace. Rational thinking is another benefit of critical thinking skills that I use at the workplace. Critical thinking has enabled me to avoid being emotional and irrational, ensuring that a good relationship exists between the clients and the massage therapists has always remained my top priority. Application of deductive and inductive reasoning skills in real life situations helps individuals to come up with informed decisions (Ellis and Toft 344). The ability to derive different ideas and weigh them to get the most credible enhances trust and loyalty among my clients. As a massage therapist, I apply efficient and cost-effective strategies to maintain good returns. I am also able to narrow down to the best massage techniques that are not only time saving, but also satisfying to my clients. Critical thinking skills help me in saving time and creating more opportunities to earn mone y. Communication skills and job ethics are also enhanced through the application of critical thinking skills. Critical thinking skills help an individual to derive new and surprising techniques that make the clients satisfied and loyal to the business. The skills are therefore very important in establishing a business culture that is both accommodative and sensitive to all the customers’ needs. Realizing customers’ expectations and understanding the corporate world helps in developing the best strategy to deal with failure (Ellis 170). The skills are therefore very important in separating work and personal issues. Without critical thinking skills, one may apply personal feelings at the workplace and this has adverse effects on the business. Works Cited Ellis, Dave and Doug Toft. Becoming a Master Student. 13th ed. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin 2009. Print. Ellis, Dave. Becoming a Master Student: Concise. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning, 2011. Print.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance and Relevance of Critical Thinking in both the classroom and the outside world specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moore, David T. Critical Thinking and Intelligence Analysis. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 2010. Print. This essay on The Importance and Relevance of Critical Thinking in both the classroom and the outside world was written and submitted by user Brooklynn Lopez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Editing Your Medical School Personal Statements

Editing Your Medical School Personal Statements Medical school personal statements can be extremely arduous and complicated essays to compose. That is why I recommend that anyone planning to apply to medical school secure the services of a professional admissions essays editor to help. A reliable professional admissions essays editor can help make the overall writing process much easier, and can assist you in making your final product a true work of genius. Contrary to popular belief, hiring a professional editor to help with your medical school personal statement does not alleviate you from having to do most of the work. As with any other written composition to whom you would submit a professional editor, your medical school personal statement must be well-organized, complete, and written to the best of your ability. It is important to remember that the job of a professional admissions essay editor is not to write your paper for you, but rather to proof and correct your efforts. Finding a professional editor to assist with your medical school personal statement is easy with the help of the Internet. In my opinion, the easiset way to find a professional editor is to conduct an online search via a reputable Internet search engine, and then choose from the variety of results. When choosing a professional editor, make sure that he or she is well qualified and will be willing to review several drafts. Hiring a professional editor will make the task of having to write a medical school personal statement much less stressful. For help in finding an editor or if you would like additional information on medical school essays, please dont hesitate to contact me. In the meanwhile, I encourage you to take advantage of the link provided on this page. This link will direct you to an excellent online resource where you can find all sorts of admissions information.

Friday, November 22, 2019

Pronouncing the LL of Spanish

Pronouncing the LL of Spanish More than any other letter combination, the ll of Spanish has a sound that varies with region. Even within one country, its sound can vary. The sound youre most likely to hear for the ll (and the sound youll hear in our​ audio lesson on the ll sound) is similar to the y of yellow. So in much of the Spanish-speaking world, there is no difference between the sound of the ll and of the y when it is used as a consonant. And if you pronounce the ll that way, you will be understood everywhere. In some areas, the ll sounds like the lli in million, so that calle would be pronounced something like CALL-yeh. Also common is pronouncing the ll something like the s in measure (sometimes called the zh sound), although perhaps a bit softer, and in some areas somewhat similar to the g sound of wage but softened a bit. Rarely, it can even have an sh sound. In these areas, the sounds of ll and y are differentiated. Sentences youll hear in the audio lesson are Llà ©venos al centro (take us downtown) and Ella no est en la calle (she isnt in the street).

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Culture Change and Aspects of Culture Assignment

Culture Change and Aspects of Culture - Assignment Example In a very broad sense, culture is a cultivated behavior; that is the sum total of an individual's learned and accumulate experience which is hence socially transmitted, or behavior through the process of social learning. In light of the deeper aspect of culture, culture change can be defined as the gradual or sporadic modification of a society’s beliefs and values through the processes of innovation, discovery, or even external contact with other societies. Cultural change can hence be comprehensively defined as the dynamic phenomenon by which various cultures in the world are changing and modifying their usual and common code of conduct and behavior in order to adapt to the external or internal forces acting on the society (Steward, 1973). Culture change is a process that not only occurs at the basic societal level but also has been observed on a wider scope. It can be seen also in organizations such as businesses or educational institutions or any other group of people who may have developed and accumulated experiences and behavior patterns. As a result, culture change may require changes or a complete overhaul of organization practices, physical environments inter-personal relationships at all levels and even communication patterns. In analyzing the whole concept of culture, a question that rarely fails to come up is: what makes up culture? It is with answering this question that one can isolate the various aspects of culture, that is, the very basic elements that culture is comprised of. This hence gives rise to the concept of cultural awareness (Singh, 2009). Various numerous theories have been formulated on the elements that make up culture but similarities have been observed and it can be confidently put down that there are twelve main aspects of culture.  

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Closing the Gap Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Closing the Gap - Article Example The management process entails the channel that duties, orders and chores pass from the highest individual in the company’s hierarchy to the junior staff in the organization (Saxena, 2009). According to economists, good management skills and ethics complete the production cycle. However, this only happens if there is an excellent open door communication channel between the superiors, seniors and juniors. Most of the successful giant businesses corporate have acquired their large market shares through formulation and implementation of competitive management strategies. According to the article, ‘good communication’ is a vital factor ensuring the success of a business. Communication is employed through vertical and horizontal communication. Channels of communication have played a big role in the formulation of strategic decisions. For a firm to implement its strategies there should be effective and efficient relay of information from the managers to the subordinate staff. Management should achieve this through suggestion boxes, memos and the open door communication. Teamwork is a very important principle of management that starts from leadership skills. It ensures division of labor that helps in inventory and bookkeeping. They help in the follow up of business transaction which in turn helps ensures the success of the business. Organization score also influences a business’ success. ... Critique According to most economists, employment of principles of management leads the achievement of the set firm’s goals and objectives (Saxena, 2009). However, critics have come up with their theories explains reasons as to why firms fail irrespective of the implementation of the principles of management. These critic theories include the following: According to the article, communication strategy is the most important strategy to the success of a business. However, communication is not always the answer. While done at some inappropriate levels, it may lead to the business failure. For example, when a manager relays critical information to the worker, if they are not specialized in their departments, the messages may be interpreted in the wrong manner. Language barriers may also pose a threat to the communication process. The junior staff may fall prey to altered or faulty information due to the hierarchy of bureaucracy in the organization. Firms need to employ competent a nd professional workers who will help in the communication, implementation and performance of the business. Teamwork is also a principle of management but due to various factors brought up by critics, it poses a threat to the business. This evident where bad leadership and management skills are present in a business’ operations. The senior leaders should set examples to their junior staff by being key team players and not joy riders whose main objective is to command and get a monthly pay. Greedy seniors who become traitors by providing competitors with sensitive information have been a threat to the success of most international firms. Remarkably, team involves both internal and external emotions of the employees. Differentiation in most business entities

Saturday, November 16, 2019

New Land Essay Example for Free

New Land Essay When Europeans settled in the â€Å"New Land†, they had hard time adapting living with the Indians. However, the Indians feared what Europeans brought such as weapons. There was a huge difference between the tribes’ weaponry and the European because of their powerful advances with the most progressive rifles. The flintlock rifle was a new weapon that the Indians had managed to use, which proved to be â€Å"too heavy, cumbersome, and inaccurate to be useful in the kind of combat characteristic of Anglo-Indian struggles† (Brinkley 50). Later on they wanted the Europeans to behave as â€Å"fathers† to help them in their disputes and conflicts (Brinkley 60). Progressively, Europeans learned to fulfill some of their expectations. The Indians didn’t understand the meaning of the relationships between societies, furthermore Europeans â€Å"thought much more in terms of ceremony and kinship† (Brinkley 60). The Indians were quite satisfied to form closer relationships and doing marriage ceremonies. After 1776, the balance of power between Europeans and Natives Americans loosened because of the presence of British and American (Brinkley 61). It began to weaken the strength of their relationship because it was difficult for the newer settlers to give gifts to them and the mediations (Brinkley 61). The â€Å"middle grounds† were destroyed replacing other constructed buildings by the Europeans. It created other conflicts that led to once again difficult to adapt. It seemed that both Native Americans and early Euro-Americans had a love-hate relationship that made their relationship so hard to establish peace and conformity. At the beginning the tribes were afraid of the advances Europeans had with their weapons, but they had the chance to be taught by them on how to use the weapons. By the time Europeans were trying to gain trust to them, Indians were in the need to be protected and to form new relationships. Thus far, they both ended up having issues one more time because Europeans were ambition to acquire more land in Tribal territory.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Reluctant Learners and the Causes :: essays papers

Reluctant Learners and the Causes In order to discuss how technology motivates reluctant learners, we must first agree upon what exactly a reluctant learner is. According to Joyce M. Herzog, a reluctant learner is one who "is not interested in life at all, is not interested in what you are teaching, and is not able to learn in the time-frame or manner of presentation" (2002). There are several reasons as to why the student may feel the way he/she does. As a teacher, one must be very careful to make sure to take into consideration all of the reasons as to why a student may feel reluctant to put forth the necessary energy in the classroom. One reason may be that the student suffers from a learning disability, which is defined by the educational dictionary Wordsmyth as "any of various conditions thought to be associated with the nervous system, that cause difficulty in mastering a basic skill such as reading" (2002). "Various disabilities include ADD, communication disorders, and behavioral disorders" (Woolfolk, 200 4, p.124-131). Students with these disabilities are often seen as disadvantaged when it comes to learning in a typical school setting. Problems at home could also be a cause for reluctancy of students. According to BJUP.com, the primary stimulation for a child to develop and maintain enthusiasm for learning should come from the home. Families who are a solid unit and do activities together tend to have more motivated children (Let's Talk Motivation, 2005). Students who have supportive parents that foster learning are less likely to show reluctancy to learn in the classroom, while students whose home life is full of fighting and little academic support may show less interest in the classroom (Let's Talk Motivation, 2005). Another reason why a student may not be motivated to learn could be because of a low-socioeconomic status (SES). According to Woolfolk, low-SES students suffer from "poor health care, low expectations, low self-esteem, and learned helplessness" (2004, p.158-159). These students have much more on their mind than learning. One final reason why students may be reluctant to learn is because they have fallen into the stereotypes of gender traps. Knudson-Martin argues that "perceived gender differences are rooted in power differences that limit relational development for both women and men" (Knudson-Martin, 1999). This means that in a co-ed classroom, teachers may challenge boys more often than girls, attributing male fa ilure to a lack of effort and female failure to a lack of ability.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Change in My Life

It is not easy to adapt oneself to new circumstances especially moving to a country that you have never come always brings you difficulties such as: people, language, custom and culture†¦ The first time I came to the US, I looked like a fish out of water. Everyone looked so different from people my country. I could not understand when they talked to me†¦ But I was very lucky. I met good friends and teachers at school. They helped me a lot not only studying at school but also getting used to my new life and American culture.I used to think that there is a little group of Vietnamese here. But after coming, it is not like that. I can see Vietnamese everywhere in Portland. At school, there are probably over 20 Vietnamese students. Every Sunday, I go to Church with my family, the number of Vietnamese there may add up to thousands of people. Three months ago, I took the Oregon Instruction Permit Test at DMV. Once more, I was very surprised when they told me that I could take the test in Vietnamese. I realized there is a large Vietnamese community in Portland that I had not known about before.When I first went to school, I saw lots of Vietnamese students there. Because my English was not good, the counselor introduced me to 3 Vietnamese guys who were good to me. They were very nice to introduce everything at school to me such as: show me how to use my locker, how to pick up lunch†¦ They also suggested me how to study and what classes I need to take or not. As a result, I used to want to make friends with all Vietnamese students in my school because I thought they could help me, and it was hard to make friends with other students while I was not good at English.I almost used Vietnamese at school and joined their group. But after that, I realized that most of them are not as good as I thought. They usually use bad language, especially when they do not agree with the teachers. Because they spoke in Vietnamese, the teachers did not understand anything. I di d not see the good in them. They always ask to borrow my homework and copy my answers when we had tests. When I came here, my goal was to study English well and get used to my new life. That was why I decided to leave their group and stay away from them.That seemed to be a good decision. I tried to study more. I was brave to talk to my classmates and my teachers. They cared about me and helped me correct my bad pronunciation a lot. Now, I have 2 buddies, one came from China, the other came from the Philippines. They are really good friends. My English has been improving considerably. I have more friends at school and do very well in every class. Then I got rid of the idea about making friends with Vietnamese. I remember I have 3 nice Vietnamese friends, and they are studying at university now.That does not mean I hate Vietnamese. There is a lesson to be learned from that matter: choose good company to make friend. Personally, I prefer non-Vietnamese to Vietnamese students because th ey can help me improve my English. I used to think that I must pay a lot of money for going to school if I study in USA. But in fact, I don’t have to pay anything. Because my parents have low-income, I even have a free bus pass and free lunch at school. In the future, if I go to university, I will have financial aid to support my tuition. It is very different from my country.In Vietnam, I have to pay a lot if I want to go to school regardless if it is primary school, high school, or university. Lots of children cannot go to school because their parents cannot afford to pay for school. Despite the government had policies to help poor students, those are not enough for everyone. These days, our life in Vietnam is better than in the past but there still have a lot of children who cannot go to school. I truly hope that the Vietnamese government can give the children the best conditions for them to study as the American government does.Last week, when I chatted with my friends on the internet, they told that I have changed so much. I used to wear shirt and pants in Vietnam. But after coming here, I realized that it is not suitable. Now I always wear a T-shirt and jeans. That made me more confident because I looked like other guys. Last weekend, my family went shopping for the winter. For me, it was really great because we have not gone shopping together for a long time. When we were in Vietnam, my parents had to work very hard from morning to night. They always want to give my brother and me the best conditions to study.They do not want us to think about making money. My family is very important to me. I always promise myself that I have to study hard and become successful. It will requite my parents’ services, and certainly that will be the biggest present which I can give them. In conclusion, there were many changes from the day I came here. Living 6 months in America was not a long time, but I studied many things here. Besides, my family is always next to me, and supports me whenever I need help. What I can do now is to continue to try more and do as well as I can. I will try to make my dream come true. n

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Stranded activity

Would there be any laws to control how you lived, what right or freedoms you exercised, or what property you had? Why? There would have to be certain moral laws as to how to live on the Island. The majority of laws should still pertain despite the situation. No murder or stealing should definitely still apply. Freedoms and Rights should be very close to the U. S. Government as far as the freedom of speech, and religion. As far as property and the rights to own the property, there should be an agreement as to which property each errors owns and that what was built or created by that person is their property.These would be good laws to control how citizens live in a realistic way which would help arguments and discrimination in these areas. Realistically these laws would be broken though. Despite the fact that the majority of people do want to be civil and have an agreement on how to overcome and avoid issues, without an actual government it would be chaos. Government provides rules an d breaking them results in consequences, with no rules or consequences to actions, It makes it seem okay. It Is Important to establish laws and consequences of breaking them. ) Considering the key terms from this unit, what type or form of government would be best suited for your situation? Why? In this situation of being stranded, a Direct Democracy would be the best government in order for citizens to collectively vote and agree on problems. There still needs to be a government to keep everything together so an anarchy would not be a good idea. An Autocracy would be a bad idea as well because with one person governing there would be no regard to others opinions.With a Direct Democracy everyone has the ability to state their opinion without It being unfair or unreasonable because they all voted. 3) Would anyone have the right to govern you? Would you have the right to govern anyone else? Why? I believe if it was a mutual group decision on the issue then the group as a whole has the right to govern that person. I don't believe one person should be able to govern because that is Just one person's opinion and it is a biased decision.In the direct democracy that I believe the citizens on the stranded island should have, it would be more reasonable to have the group govern. In order to have a working and stable environment governing others is necessary but with fairness. 4) Would you have any rights? What might these rights be? Yes, I would have rights because everyone deserves to have them. Rights such as the right to build a home, rights to hunt and gather food as well as rights to vote for how 5)What might people who were stronger or smarter than others try to do? Why?The stronger or smarter people might try to create a dictatorship in order to have intro over others and to govern them for their own personal reasons. They might also try to effect the idea that everyone is equal and some citizens may be treated poorly and have their rights taken away. Rights suc h as owning property, and voting may be taken away. 6) What might the weaker or less worldly or wise try to do? Why? The weaker and less worldly would most likely give in to the opinions of others. In a direct democracy they might let others influence their votes in order to try to keep the peace.This is a good reason why it should not be a one man Job to govern, because the weaker may have trouble stating their own opinions. 7) What might life be like for everyone? Life for everyone no matter how their government is run would be hard. Not everyone is going to be happy with the decisions that the government will come to and that will always create conflict among the citizens. Learning how to fend on the island while still following the laws and morals would be difficult and in the situation many not obey these rules.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Example Sentences of the Verb Hit

Example Sentences of the Verb Hit This page provides example sentences of the verb Hit in all tenses including active and passive forms, as well as conditional and modal forms. Base Form hit / Past Simple hit/ Past Participle hit / Gerund hitting Present Simple:Â  He often hits balls with his son in the park.Present Simple Passive:Â  Home runs are often hit out of this ballpark.Present Continuous:Â  He is hitting the ball hard today.Present Continuous Passive:Â  The ball is being hit hard today by all the players.Present Perfect:Â  She has hit fifteen home runs this season.Present Perfect Passive:Â  Fifteen home runs have been hit by Susan this season.Present Perfect Continuous:Â  Jack has been hitting that punching bag for the last twenty minutes.Past Simple:Â  Mary hit a home run out of the park yesterday.Past Simple Passive:Â  A home run was hit out of the park during yesterdays game.Past Continuous:Â  Hank was hitting the punching bag when his trainer walked into the gym.Past Continuous Passive:Â  The punching bag was being hit when the trainer walked into the gym.Past Perfect:Â  She had already hit four home runs when she hit the grand slam!Past Perfect Passive:Â  A grand slam had already been hit when the g ame was canceled due to the rain.Past Perfect Continuous:Â  Alan had been hitting the punching bag for twenty minutes when the trainer walked into the gym. Future (will):Â  She will hit the roof when she finds out!Future (will) passive:Â  The ball will be hit out of the park.Future (going to):Â  Jack is going to hit the ball out of the park today.Future (going to) passive:Â  The ball is going to be hit out of the park today.Future Continuous:Â  This time tomorrow we will be hitting the punching bag in the gym.Future Perfect:Â  William will have hit three home runs before the game is finished.Future Possibility:Â  She might hit him if he doesnt shut up!Real Conditional:Â  If she hits a home run, the team will celebrate.Unreal Conditional:Â  If she hit a home run, the team would celebrate.Past Unreal Conditional:Â  If she had hit a home run, the team would have celebrated.Present Modal:Â  You should hit a punching bag to get rid of your anger.Past Modal:Â  She must have hit a home run. Quiz: Conjugate With Hit Use the verb to hit to conjugate the following sentences. Quiz answers are below. In some cases, more than one answer may be correct. Mary _____ a homerun out of the park yesterday.She _____ fifteen homeruns this season.He _____ the ball hard today.The punching bag _____ when the trainer walked into the gym.A grand slam _____ already _____ when the game was canceled due to the rain.She _____ the roof when she finds out!William _____ three homeruns before the game is finished.If she _____ a homerun, the team would have celebrated.A homerun _____ out of the park during yesterdays game.He often _____ a punching bag to relax. Quiz Answers hithas hitis hittingwas being hithad been hitwill hitwill have hithad hitwas hithits

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Avoid Capital Offenses When Using Job Titles

Avoid Capital Offenses When Using Job Titles Avoid Capital Offenses When Using Job Titles Avoid Capital Offenses When Using Job Titles By Mark Nichol When it comes to mechanical aspects of writing, few details seem to trip writers up as much as capitalization: when to use uppercase letters, and when to use lowercase letters. Specific job titles preceding a person’s name are capitalized, but descriptions are not. For example, â€Å"Marketing Director John Doe† is correct, but â€Å"Marketing Chief John Doe† is not, unless â€Å"marketing chief† is John Doe’s actual title. After a name, titles are lowercase regardless of whether they are specific or general: â€Å"John Doe, marketing director at ABC Industries.† If you modify even a specific job title, such as noting that someone no longer holds a position, what appears to be specific becomes an apposition, part of a job description rather than a title: â€Å"former marketing director John Doe.† Some style guides disregard this last rule, and some publications choose to capitalize â€Å"president† when referring to the head of state even when the word appears in isolation from the title holder’s name, but this is an unnecessary nicety. Likewise, ordinary job titles in isolation are never capitalized. For example, the job title in â€Å"The park ranger asked for our permit† is a mere description, and needs no emphasis. Job titles are at times absurdly attenuated, and placing them before a person’s name can wear readers out. Confronted with a magnificent moniker like â€Å"Oracle Principal Product Manager for Windows Technologies John Doe,† relax the identification a bit: â€Å"John Doe, Oracle’s principal product manager for Windows technologies† (the proper name Windows remains capitalized even after the name), is a gentler approach. Capitalization of job titles and general descriptions alike is permitted in direct address when you are writing to someone (or transcribing a speech directed at them) and using the title or description in place of a name: â€Å"That’s an order, Sergeant†; â€Å"I’ll get right on it, Chief.† Capitalize formal and informal family-relationship labels, too, as in â€Å"If only Father were here† and â€Å"I’ll tell Mom!† but not in â€Å"Wait until your father gets home!† or â€Å"I saw your mom yesterday.† Terms of endearment aren’t capitalized, either: â€Å"I’ll get it, dear.† Most terms of respect are capitalized (â€Å"I object, Your Honor†), but â€Å"sir† or â€Å"ma’am†/†miss† are not (unless you are addressing a letter or an email, in which case you should write â€Å"Dear Sir† or the equivalent). The take-away about titles: Capitalization is seldom called for. Unless you’re using a person’s exact job title, and only the job title, immediately before that person’s name, chances are you shouldn’t capitalize it. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Comparative Forms of Adjectives40 Fish IdiomsThe "Pied" in The Pied Piper

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Main Causes for Greek Dark Ages Annotated Bibliography

Main Causes for Greek Dark Ages - Annotated Bibliography Example The Greek Economic and Agriculture System: The inefficiencies of the political system to manage the Greek agricultural system resulted in the migration of Greek-speaking population when the phenomenon of overpopulation struck Greece. Underpopulation and the Dark Ages. The analysis will contest that War ravaged Greece ended up being underpopulated. The colonization had already stretched the Greek population till the Far East and the Mediterranean. Thus due to underpopulation, the Greek populations got smaller and Isolated. Communication among Greeks was lost and culture stopped to flourish. The Dorian Factor: The migration of Dorian population and its invasion onto Mycenaean Greeks did play a role in the advent of Dark Ages but was it only the external invasions or the weaknesses in Mycenaean power Hierarchy and mythical beliefs that led to the fall of Greeks. Conclusion: The Greek dark ages lasted from 1100 BC until 800 BC. Life was undoubtedly harsh for the Greeks of the Dark ages. Despite all the presented reasons there still remains a doubt in historians regarding the exact reasons that introduced Dark Ages in Greek history. Among many reasons, there is also evidence of the collapse of Bronze Age due to natural catastrophes such as volcanic eruption. Historians cite a volcano eruption around 1570 BC as well. Data on changing climatic conditions based on pollen and wood samples suggests that maybe there was an ecological decline e.g. a series of drought or famine. The book approaches the era in chronological order and by geographical areas. Among many other things the book essentially outlines the combat readiness of Greeks in the Mycenaean era, yet another clue that may explain the lukewarm resistance of Greeks to the Dorian migration.  

Thursday, October 31, 2019

The Most Important Feature of Life in Mesopotamia Essay

The Most Important Feature of Life in Mesopotamia - Essay Example The domestication of plants and animals such as cattle in the area not only changed the lives of people living in the area, it also had the effect of dramatically changing the course of human history. In order to care for their herds of animals an crops, it was necessary for people to live in one place and this necessitated that there be a shift from a nomadic lifestyle to people now settling in villages (Moorey, 1-2). The numerous branches of the rivers Euphrates and Tigris made it possible for farming activities to be conducted in Mesopotamia. However, the region was prone to frequent flooding in addition to suffering from the effects of hot and dry climatic periods at certain times of the year that made it impossible to conduct farming activities. To tackle this problem, the Mesopotamians became the first people to attempt a large scale control of water via the use of an integrated system of reservoirs, dikes, aqueducts, drainage channels, and canals. The use of this waterway system enabled the inhabitants of this region to conduct farming activities all year round (Pollock 29-32). Farming had a great impact in the lives of Mesopotamians as it led to the development of cities as people settled down and stopped leading nomadic lifestyles. It also ensured that they enjoyed food security throughout the year and this allowed for them to find time to venture into developing other occupations such as art and pottery in addition to developing writing (Pollock 29-32). Another remarkable aspect of life in Mesopotamia is that civilization had a political governance system. The political governance system was formed around the Sumerian cities each of which formed its very own city-state that was mainly composed of the city and the entire farmland that surrounded it (Hansen, 117).  Ã‚  

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Luther Against the Peasants forum 11 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Luther Against the Peasants forum 11 - Essay Example e peasants turned to violence and instigated the German peasant war that caused massive destruction of property and loss of lives, Luther justifiably became angry and rebuked the peasants the best way he could. He adopted the harsh stance since it was the only way of he could express his feelings about the violence. Additionally, his close relationship with the peasants led the prince to believe that he masterminded the revolution. The harsh stance was therefore a personal way of distancing himself from the revolution. This stance does not change my views of Luther. As explained earlier, my experience of Martin Luther is that he loves peace and diplomacy. Luther often represented the weak in the society. The weak and vulnerable population in a society lacked any military strength with which to engage in revolutions. As such, in case of any armed revolution, his people would always suffer massive losses. As a result, Luther often encouraged peaceful ways of resolving issues. The same was the case with the peasants since he had encouraged them to seek peaceful ways of resolving their concerns. He therefore rebuked the peasants for disobeying his

Sunday, October 27, 2019

E-Commerce Analysis: Online Ticket Purchasing

E-Commerce Analysis: Online Ticket Purchasing CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter presents the background of the research study. It starts by providing an overview of Electronic Commerce, customer satisfaction and service quality, followed by an outline of the current situation concerning â€Å"Online Ticket Purchasing† in Kuwait. The problem of the study is then defined, highlighting the research the study seeks to investigate and its significance alongside the research objectives, questions and methodology used to achieve these desired objectives. The research limitations are then explored and the chapter concludes with an outline of the thesis structure. 1.2 OVERVIEW Unprecedented advances in Information Technology in recent decades, alongside evolving business environments have seen the emergence of Electronic Commerce (E-commerce) as a major economic force. With the increasing number of Internet users and rapid development of network technologies, e-commerce is perceived as an essential application of the computer and communication technologies (Manvi and Venkataram, 2005 cited by Zhang and Tang, 2006). As observed by Gunasekaran and Ngai (2005) e-commerce enhances communication channels and provides a virtual interactive environment where the suppliers and customers can exchange information and products. Moreover, it improves the communications between partners along the value chain and offers an integrated business model by which companies can be more responsive and flexible to the changing markets and customers requirements (Zhang and Tang, 2006). E- commerce therefore replaces or enhances the traditional market channels by opening web-based storefronts, which is known as â€Å"business to customer e-commerce†. Firms present their products and services on the web and generate revenue from the sales of those products and services to their customers (Molla and Licker, 2001). According to Khalifa and Liu (2003) there has been considerable growth of internet based services, both from internet businesses and from traditional companies developing online services. The technology of e-commerce identifies what can be offered to customers, but only customers determine which of those technologies will be accepted (Lin, 2003). As Jamal (2004) has argued, in the last forty years the issue of customer satisfaction has been one of the most important theoretical as well as practical issues for most marketers and customer research. Satisfaction is significant in the success or failure of any business depending on the performance of the perceived service, if the perceived performance is less than customer expectation the customer will be dissatisfied; whereas, if the perceived performance exceeds their expectations then customers will be satisfied. Many researchers agree satisfaction is an attitude or evaluation that is formed by the customer comparing their pre-purchase expectations of what they would receive from the product to their subjective perceptions of the performance they actually experience (Oliver, 1980). Numerous studies on service quality and customer satisfaction present service quality and customer satisfaction as conceptually distinct, but closely related constructs. Satisfaction is defined as the degree of discrepancy between customers normative expectations for the service and their perception of the service performance (Parasuraman et al., 1994; Dabholkar, 1996). Different researchers such as Gronroos (1983) and Parasuraman et al. (1985) have tried to identify features of service more related to quality assessments. The most common measure reveals ten dimensions of service quality: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, communication, credibility, security, competence, courtesy, understanding the customer and access. These were then filtered to 5 dimensions and based on these 5 items a measurement tool for service quality was devised known as SERVQUAL (PUT SOURCE HERE!!!). While Yang (2001) highlighted the rapid growth of online retailing with broadening experiences of consumers online shopping, Santos (2003) believes that e-service quality can increase attractiveness, hit rate, customer retention, stickiness and positive word of mouth. It can also maximize competitive advantages of e-commerce. Numerous researchers have the discussed the dimensions of e-service quality including Cox and Dale (2001), Madu and Madu (2002), Parasuraman (2002), Yang et al. (2003), Parasuraman et al. (2004) and Lee and Lin (2005), yet online retailers appear to fail due to poor quality services provided to their customers. For that reason online service quality is significant for two reasons: (1) it influences customers satisfactions and intentions to shop online and (2) e-service quality plays a major role in attracting potential customers (Cai and Jun, 2003). Zeithaml (2002) points out online companies should focus on all elements of e-service quality before, during and a fter the transaction, as e-service quality is the extent to which a website facilitates efficient and effective shopping, purchase and delivery. 1.2.1 E-Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction Customer satisfaction is a critical element in the success or failure of any business. Web customer satisfaction has been emphasized as crucial by the rising demand for long-term profitability of dotcom companies and traditional companies that are â€Å"Net enhanced† (Pather, Erwin and Remenyi, 2002). An understanding of the factors that influence web customer satisfaction is vital for e-commerce. Satisfaction is a result of an effective evaluation, where some comparison standard is compared to the actually perceived performance. If the perceived performance is less than expected, customers will be dissatisfied. In contrast, if the perceived performance exceeds expectations, customer will be satisfied (Lin, 2003). A broad idea of traditional service quality might not be enough to build the e-service quality dimension, hence amending several variables is important. Santos (2003) discussed the e-service quality dimensions of, ease of use, web-appearance, linkage, structure and layout, content as the incubative dimensions; reliability, efficiency, support, communication, security, and incentive as active dimensions. This paper focuses on achieving a measurement of the service quality of the Jazeera Airways Website as perceived by their passengers, using a conceptual model of e-service quality developed by Santos (2003). 1.3 ONLINE TICKETING Electronic ticketing over the Internet facilitates the buying or reservation of tickets online, by making the process more easily accessible and convenient. Through these services tickets may be purchased from any location and at any time, provided an Internet connection exists. The tickets are ordered from a web site that provides both ticket information and the purchasing or reservation service. Internet booking or online ticketing concentrates on providing a helpful and efficient service to clients. Firms who sell travel tickets, performing arts, game tickets, concerts, movies and many other activities have notably embraced the online ticketing system according to Burford (1998). Convenience is a main advantage of buying tickets via the internet as the service is available at any geographical location, including ones home via laptop and cellular phone and at any time or day. Electronic ticket services have a further advantage by providing relevant information along with the service. This can help purchasing decisions and may encourage future usage (Burford, 1998). Another feature is that apart from maintenance and data updates, no manpower is necessary to offer the service once it has been established. The process of recording the transactions is more automated and overheads are reduced. An essential point is that ticket providers while providing a convenient service are thereby improving their public image and encouraging return customers (Burford, 1998). A number of countries across the globe are already benefiting from electronic ticketing including the U.S.A., Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Great Britain and France. In fact the U.S.A. it has 80% market p enetration, while in Europe it is approximately 40% and in the U.S.A. more than $350 million dollars in event tickets were sold online during 2000 increasing to $3.9 billion in 2004 (Bhatia, 2004). 1.3.1 Online Services and E-Ticketing in Kuwait The internet is a technology with many properties with the potential to transform the competitive landscape in many industries while at the same time creating completely new industries (Afuah and Tucci, 2003). The revolution of the internet continues to excel leading to rapid changes in many fields, at an overwhelming speed. In Kuwait, prior to 1990 internet usage was limited to electronic mail and minor services, however in 1992 a decision was made by the Ministry of Communication to facilitate the public data network. In the same year the National Science Foundation agreed to extend the Internet to Kuwait at a time when it was only available for US institutions and some selected institutions overseas. In recent years with the support of the Kuwaiti government for IT plans, practical steps have been taken in this field with the possibility of payment for mobiles and traffic tickets via the internet and the sale of online airlines tickets for the first time. These advances indicate the growth and development in the IT field in Kuwait as a whole. In 1943, the oil boom opened a new chapter in the modern history of Kuwait as The Kuwait Oil Company Limited (KOC) was founded. By 1947-1948 KOC developed the new Al-Nugra (Al-Mayass) Airport, located in the Nuzha district, operating in daylight only, with airlines opening offices in Kuwait City to handle ticketing and cargo operations for the Arab expatriate community. By 1954, the Kuwaiti National Airlines Company celebrated the arrival of the first airplane, which was called â€Å"Kazma† (http://www.da.gov.kw). The worldwide revolution of low-cost carriers (LCCs) started successfully with Pacific Southwest Airlinesin the United States, which pioneered the concept in 1949. Notable successes which have followed are Irelands Ryanair, which began low-fares operations in 1990, and EasyJet, formed in 1995. These low cost carriers then developed in Asia and Oceania from 2000 led by operators such as Malaysias AirAsia, Indias Air Deccanand Australias Virgin Blue. The low-cost carrier model is applicable worldwide, although deregulated markets are most suited for its rapid spread. In 2006, new LCCs were announced in Saudi Arabia and Mexico (http://www.absoluteastronomy.com). On September 12, 2005 Jazeera Airways owned by Marwan Boodai, Chairman and CEO, announced its first flights were open for booking. Jazeera Airways is the first privately owned airline in the Middle East, established in Kuwait. It offers passengers ticketless flights to Dubai, Lebanon, Damascus, Amman and Bahrain via the web, by phone, SMS or through travel agents (www.jazeeraairways.com). Breaking away from out-dated business models by developing a new model tasked with raising operational efficiency requires incorporating the latest revenue management procedures into the company and installing state-of-the-art technologies. This will ultimately enable travelers to become more independent in their bookings and payment. With tickets sold through a website as the main distribution channel, online booking is a very efficient distribution method for airlines. It reduces the number of back office staff and reduces the payment cycle. Jazeera Airways has worked hard to entice travelers to book through its website by making it the cheapest method to purchase tickets. Many promotional offers made by the company are available only to travelers who book online, therefore Jazeera Airways strategy is rewarding travelers who book online (www.jazerraairways.com) 1.4 PROBLEM DEFINITION Understanding customers requirements is vital to any business enterprise in order for it to remain competitive. Customer satisfaction is of great interest since it has a direct effect on customer retention, loyalty and the prospect of new customers. Retention is a major challenge, as customers can easily switch from one service provider to another considering the internet can facilitate easy access to a wide variety of choices with lesser cost. Acquiring new customers may involve significant cost on the part of the company in terms of marketing, advertising and promotion. Hence it is important to understand the determinants of customer satisfaction and assess the current experience of the customer in order to improve services. Customer satisfaction is a major issue of Jazeera Airways and good online service quality is a key factor that will determine in the long term, whether it will succeed or fail in retaining existing customers and attracting new ones. Due to rapid technological advancements in the marketplace Jazeera Airways maintains a close relationship with their customers, as their expectations and perceptions of online service quality may change. This research will therefore be conducted on Jazeera Airways, the first low cost airline in Kuwait. Jazeera Airways offers online ticketing in its website as the main distribution channel. Therefore it is important to take into account the quality of its website and to pay more attention to customer evaluation of the service given. Customers want to make their own bookings in their own time without depending on middlemen; as a result it is necessary that online service quality determinants lead to satisfaction. Dissatisfied travelers may perceive one of the following: Web sites do not seem to have many of the very basic features that experts consider important in forming relationship with customers. Service providers undervalue the attributes that customers use to judge service quality that should be monitored and enhanced to help the service performance. There are other variables of the online service quality that affect the overall travelers satisfaction. Therefore this research aims to address such problematic issues by researching the relevant factors including current opinion of the airline users. 1.5 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES As this research study aims to examine the customer satisfaction of the service of Jazeera Airways in online ticketing through the quality delivered through its website, its main objectives are as follows: To assess the perception of each service of Jazeeras e-service Quality dimensions. To evaluate consumer satisfaction towards e-service quality for online service quality within Jazeera. To determine the important dimensions leading to satisfaction when purchasing online tickets within Jazeera. 1.6 RESEARCH QUESTIONS In order to fulfill the objectives of this study, the following questions need to be addressed: What key incubative dimensions do online customers perceive as important for their e-service quality? What key active dimensions do online customers perceive as important for their e-service quality? What are the most influential online service quality dimensions of the website as perceived by respondents with a high level of customers satisfaction in the Jazeera Airways website? What are the most influential online service quality dimensions of Jazeera Airways contributing to customer satisfaction when examining the Jazeera Airways website? Are the different socio-demographic variables involved perceiving e-service quality and satisfaction in the same way or differently? 1.7 Research Methodology This research is considered deductive, quantitative, descriptive, explanatory, and exploratory to some extent type of study. The research follows the survey strategy approach and consists of 67 questions composed of a two page questionnaire distributed to the target sample in Kuwait. Data was collected using Arabic and English questionnaires, from a sample size of X passengers who booked online through Jazeeras website. The questionnaire consists of four sections (A, B, C, D). Section A solicits demographic information. Section B evaluates Jazeeras Airways e-service quality using an adapted Santos (2003) model. Section C measures the level of customer satisfaction. Statements of Section B and C are scaled using a Likert type scale from 1 to 5. Section D collects information added by customers that will add value to the research. 1.8 RESEARCH LIMITATIONS Throughout this research conducted in Kuwait regarding Jazeera Airways website service quality a number of limitations were noted as follows: The thesis investigates the customer satisfaction of Jazeeras Airways website service quality and does not include the companys perspective/point of view; therefore the study is limited in its scope to customers and not employees or managers. The study does not include product quality, price, situational factors, personal factors, and other services provided by Jazeera Airways. Using a quantitative approach only towards addressing the research problems, a qualitative approach is lacking. The research scope is limited as it assesses Jazeera online service â€Å"e-ticketing† excluding airport customer services such as check in, luggage, lounge and on board services. There is limited relevant literature concerning service quality in the airline industry in Kuwait and the region, therefore there are no previous findings or frameworks to consult. 1.9 THESIS STRUCTURE This study is composed of five main chapters. Chapter One presents the background details of the selected research area and the experience in Kuwait, followed by the problem definition, the research objectives and questions, the methodology, the studys limitations and the thesis structure. Chapter Two discusses related theories, concepts and models providing a comprehensive review and an insight into the subject area as a whole, followed by an explanation of the research to the country of Kuwait. Chapter Three describes the methodology, research design and techniques used in the collection and analysis of the data. Chapter Four presents the gathered data, their interpretation and analysis. Chapter Five looks at the findings, assessing whether they satisfy the research questions and objectives to draw conclusions from the results. Based on these conclusions, recommendations for management are provided with further suggestions for future research. CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 INTRODUCTION In this chapter a comprehensive review of available related literature is made concerning website service quality and customer satisfaction. In the process various concepts, models and theories covering customer satisfaction, determinants of customer satisfaction, the relationship between online service quality and satisfaction and online service quality dimensions are presented and explored to give the study a wide ranging theoretical basis. In addition the relevance of the research to the country of Kuwait is also addressed. 2.2 CUSTOMER SATISFACTION 2.2.1 Definition of Customer Satisfaction Oliver (1980) explains satisfaction as the summary of a psychological state resulting when the emotion surrounding disconfirmed expectations is coupled with a consumers prior feelings about the consumer experience. In other words, satisfaction is an attitude or appraisal that is created by the customer comparing their pre-purchase expectations of what they would receive from the product or service to their subjective perceptions of the performance they actually did receive. Customer satisfaction has become a key intermediary objective in service operations, because of the benefits it conveys to organizations (Ranaweera and Prabhu, 2003). The importance of customer satisfaction results from the generally accepted philosophy that for a business to be successful and profitable, it must satisfy customers (Shin and Elliott, 2001). While many authors have described satisfaction using various definitions, Table 2.1 presents a few notable explanations of customer satisfaction. Table 2.1 Definition of Customer Satisfaction Definition Author Customer satisfaction is a collective outcome of perception, evaluation and psychological reactions to the consumption experience with a product/service. Yi (1990) Satisfaction is function of consumers belief that he or she was treated fairly. Hunt (1991) Satisfaction is a persons feelings of pleasure or disappointment resulting from comparing a products perceived performance (or outcome) in relation to his or her expectation. Kotler et al. (2000) Source: Research based From the above table we understand that satisfaction is the consumers evaluation of the product and service that meet their needs and expectations. According to Parker and Mathews (2001) there are two main interpretations of satisfaction; satisfaction as a process and satisfaction as an outcome. Whereas Gustafsson (2005) argues satisfaction has a strong positive effect on customer loyalty intentions across a wide range of product and service categories. 2.2.2 Determinants of Customer Satisfaction Zeithaml et al. (2005) argued that satisfaction, as shown in 2.1, is influenced by service quality perception, product quality, and price as well as situational and personal factors. Economists differentiate between two categories of properties of consumer products; search qualities and experience qualities. With search qualities consumers determine before purchasing a product like color, style, price, fit, feel, hardness and smell. Experience qualities, are hard to determine; as a result it can be evaluated after the purchase and until the service is received like vacations and restaurant meals (Zeithaml et al., 2005). Keaveney (1995)ppp.jpg point out that a main reason leading to customers switching services is price, as customers, based on prior experience with the service provider, sometimes felt cheated and believed that price increases were unfair or even deceptive. According to (Zeithaml et al., 2005) comparing the price relative to value and state, research reveals that customers of services will make trade-offs among different service features such as price level versus quality. A number of customers, for example, view price as an important element for their satisfaction more than quality. Perceived service quality is only one factor of customer satisfaction (Zeithaml et al., 2005). Consequently to achieve a high level of customer satisfaction, most researchers suggest that a high level of service quality should be delivered by the service provider as service quality is normally considered an antecedent of customer satisfaction (Cronin et al. 2000). Zeithaml et al. (2005) described a consumers emotional state as a personal factor. Satisfaction will vary due to customers biographical characteristics such as age, gender, education, ethnicity and income (Gilbert and Veloutsou, 2006;Van Pham and Simpson, 2006). Customers take partial responsibility for outcomes and describe those negative feelings that influence how a consumer responds to services, causing a person to overreact negatively to the slightest problem (Zeithaml et al., 2005). Situational factors can notably influence purchase decisions such as social environment, physical environment of the purchase place, time influence and the previous states (Vysekalovà ¡, 2004; Nagyovà ¡, 2001). 2.3 The Evidence of Service (3Ps) Services are intangible; therefore customers are searching for evidence of service in every interaction they have with the organization. The three major factors of service experienced by customers are: people, process, and physical evidence. Together these elements are considered as an evidence of the service. Each evidence or subset is present in each service 2.2. Firms should essentially manage the service quality that will lead to satisfying their customers (Bitner, 1993). 2.4 SERVICE QUALITY Numerous researchers have defined service quality their own ways, including Bitner, Booms and Mohr (1994) who described service quality as the consumers overall impression of the relative inferiority / superiority of the organization and its services. Perceived service quality is only one component of customer satisfaction (Zeithaml et al., 2005). According to Parasuraman et al. (1994) service quality is defined as, the degree of discrepancy between customers normative expectations for the service and their perception of the service performance. Gronroos (1982) stated that total service quality is customers perception of difference between expected service and perceived service. Afterward in 1984, he then explained service quality of the service encounter as two different dimensions: one is technical or output quality and the other functional or process quality. Therefore, service quality has become a well-liked area of academic investigation, recognized as a major factor in differentiating service products and gaining competitive advantage (Zeithaml et al., 1996). Table 2.2 presents the concept of service quality from varied authors viewpoints who combined suggest we can understand that meeting the need and requirements and achieving customers expectations depends on delivering the best level of service quality. Notably with time, service quality takes place before and leads to overall customer satisfaction Table 2.2 Definition of Customer Satisfaction Definition Author Service quality as the subjective comparison that customers make between the quality of the service that they want to receive and what they actually get. Gefan (2002) Service quality can be defined as â€Å"the difference between customers expectations for service performance prior to the service encounter and their perceptions of the service received†. Asubonteng et al. (1996) Service quality is determined by the differences between customers expectations of services providers performance and their evaluation of the services they received. Parasuraman et al. (1985,1988) Source: Research based Gilbert and Veloutsou (2006) determined different approaches to measure customer satisfaction, varying between measuring expectations relative to perception or measuring the performance aspect only, without relating it to the desired level of service. Service quality has been found to be an important input to customers satisfaction (Caruana, 2002). 2.4.2 Dimensions of Service Quality Service quality has been the focus of increased study in recent years as many researchers have tried to reveal features of services that significantly relate to quality evaluation in traditional service environments. In 2001 Brady and Cronin presented a model consisting of interaction quality, physical environment quality, and outcome quality. These dimensions draw on, among others, the work of Gronroos (1982) and Rust and Oliver (1994) who suggest that exploring both what is delivered (Gronroos technical quality) and how it is delivered (Gronroos functional quality) are important aspects of service quality. Table 2.3 Dimensions of Service Quality Quality Requirement Description Reliability Reliability Consistency of service/ dependability, i.e. the ability to provide the service on time, accurately and dependably Responsiveness Responsiveness Willingness/readiness of employees, i.e. the ability to deal effectively with complaints and promptness of services Assurance Credibility The extent to which the service is believed and trusted; involves honesty, trustworthiness and believability Courtesy The politeness, respect, consideration and friendliness shown to the customers by the contact personnel Security The freedom from danger, risk and doubt Competence The possession of staff of the necessary skill, knowledge and information to perform the service effectively Empathy Access The ease of approachability and contact Communication Listening to customer and keeping them informed about the service Understanding the customer Trying to understand the customers needs and specific requirements Tangibles Tangibles Appearance of personnel and condition of equipment Source: Parasuraman et al. (1985); Ghobadian et al. (1994); Curry and Herbert (1998) A most widely used and accepted study done on service quality is by Parasuraman et al. (1985). Having developed ten dimensions through focus group studies: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, communication, credibility, security, competence, courtesy, understanding the customer, and access. These ten dimensions were then filtered and extracted to five: tangibles, reliability, responsibility, assurance, and empathy, which constitute the basis of a global measurement for service quality, SERVQUAL (Parasuraman et al., 1988). Based on these five dimensions researchers presented a 22-item service quality scale and on an operational level service quality research has been dominated by the SERVQUAL (Parasuraman et al., 1985; Curry and Herbert, 1998). Table 2.3 presents a description of the service quality dimensions. 2.4.3 Relationship between Customer Satisfaction and Service Quality Service quality has been found to be an important input to customer satisfaction (Caruana and Malta, 2002). Cronin and Taylor (1992) examined the causal relationships between service quality, customer satisfaction, and purchase intention. The results suggested that service quality was an antecedent of consumer satisfaction, service quality had less effect on purchase intentions than did consumer satisfaction, and consumer satisfaction had a significant effect on purchase intentions. Customer satisfaction had a stronger effect on behavioral intentions than service quality did (Dabholkar et al., 2000). As a process in time, service quality takes place before, and leads to overall customer satisfaction. Customers loyalty was affected by product quality, service quality, and retailer image. They also suggested that quality of product and service is directly related to customer satisfaction, and then leads to the loyalty of the customer (Cà ¶ner and Gà ¼ngà ¶r, 2002). Based on empirica l findings in service quality and satisfaction literature, service quality is one of the antecedents of satisfaction (Anderson and Sullivan, 1993; Cronin and Taylor, 1992), and loyalty is one of the consequences of satisfaction. Luarn and Lin (2004) indicated that not only customer satisfaction and perceived value directly affected customer loyalty, but also indirectly affected customer loyalty through commitment. 2.5 THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN SERVING CUSTOMERS According to Parasuraman (2000), delivering excellent customer service is vital in case customers have to serve themselves by technology-based systems. With quick penetration of technology-based customer-company interfaces such as online banking and e-commerce, employee-delivered service is being replaced by self-service, reducing the need for face-to-face encounters between customers and company personnel. However, this fundamental shift does not mean that companies can afford to ignore customer service. Development of self-service technologies need to emphasize customer service to ensure the customer-technology interface is user-friendly, putting in place an excellent customer-service infrastructure (including properly tr

Friday, October 25, 2019

We Must Build a Culture of Peace Essay -- Graduate College Admissions

We Must Build a Culture of Peace      Ã‚   " Think global, act local" is an appealing slogan, but the advice falls short. We live in a world where our best friends live on different continents and we converse more with our neighbor in Nigeria than our neighbor next door. No longer is it logical to say, "Charity begins at home." Instead, our work for human dignity and human rights must be carried on everywhere at once. To create a global culture of peace, youth of the new millennium must think and act both "global" and "local" contemporaneously.    Youth with a burning inner desire to see a global culture of peace must seek opportunities and relationships in which to demonstrate peace. Over 50 years ago, a child fugitive knew this and proclaimed, "How wonderful it is that nobody need wait a single moment before starting to improve the world" (Frank). As a young teen, Anne Frank innately knew that the premise for building a global culture of peace is for each of us to reach out and touch the lives of as many people as possible in an attitude of love and tolerance. To accomplish this goal, young people must work concurrently in 3 spheres: local, national, and global.       Locally, we can create our own community-based peace clubs and/or we can join established clubs within schools which promote peace, peer mediation, and conflict resolution. In these clubs youth can learn about peace and then go a step further to educate others by organizing peace walks, writing letters, distributing petitions, planting peace gardens, writing poetry and essays about peace to present in coffee houses, sponsoring peace essay and art contests, writing peace plays to present to the public, and/or publishing our own newspapers.   ... ...me sow love" (Halamandaris). We must let our peace flow outward to influence other youth and adults to join us in our cause. For it is only when we agree to settle our disputes and attain "liberty and justice for all" with words and not wars, gentleness and not genocide, harmony and not hatred will we achieve the ultimate goal - a global culture of peace.    Bibliography Dumas, Alexandre. The Three Musketeers. Bergenfield, New Jersey: Penguin USA, 1982. Frank, Anne. The Diary of a Young Girl: The Definitive Edition. Otto H. Frank, Editor. New York: Doubleday, 1995. Halamandaris, The Brothers, editors. Caring Quotes: A Compendium of Caring Thought. Washington, DC: Caring Publishing, 1994. "World Population Trends." United Nations Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA). May 28, 2000. Available http://www.un.org

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Dominant Ideology in the United States Essay

Dominant ideology is the prevalent culture, values, traditions, beliefs, practices, and such in a particular group. Within the structure of society, dominant ideology stands for what majority of the people who make up society uphold as their philosophies, values, beliefs, thoughts, principles, etc. (Dominant Ideology Thesis, 1998) Dominant ideology represents what the people stand for. Moreover, it is not only represented in the observable actions, behavior, and way of thinking of people within a group or society, but is also evident in the material or tangible culture existing within their societal circle. For instance, the dominant ideology of society may be interpreted and expressed through literature, music, movies, theater, television programs, sport events, and such. The dominant ideology of the United States leans toward the concept of humanism, such that the nation upholds rationality, morality, and the condition of human life as basis for philosophies, values, or belief systems. (Edwords, 1989) Specifically, the dominant ideology of the United States endorses democracy and liberalism, as well as corporate power and capitalism (Bayes, 2005). Although democracy and liberalism when compared with corporate power and capitalism may be conflicting in several aspects, it still proves to establish what the United States stands for as a nation. The argument of democracy and liberalism as a dominant ideology is the inability of the nation to accomplish it fully (Baves, 2005). Still, inequality exists, and so does prejudice, bias, unfairness and such. However, it does not mean that the non-accomplishment of the dominant ideology makes it invalid for such label. The nation might uphold the values and beliefs of democracy and liberalism, and corporate power and capitalism, at the same time while failing to accomplish what it means for the nation. The dominant ideologies aforementioned in previous discussions are represented in American literature, music, movies, theater, television programs, and even sports events. The theme of these products of culture always contains hints of democracy, liberalism, corporate power, and capitalism. For instance, the major themes of American literature and theater are the strong advocacy for democracy and liberalism. â€Å"The Crucible† and â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller, â€Å"Uncle Tom’s Cabin† by Harriet Beecher Stowe, and such plays and novels are American classic literature that criticizes repression, injustice, and discrimination. Tales of the history of American Indians are also strong forces that build upon the advocacy of American literature and theater for democracy and liberalism. (Major Themes in American Literature, 2008) Themes of American music, movies, and television programs represent liberalism, and in some aspects, corporate power and capitalism. Liberalism is applied in American music, movies, and television programs because themes or plots could be anything. American artists are more open-minded when it comes to art and expression in properties of media such as music, movies, and television that themes go a long way from conservatism, to rationalism, humanism, to classical, historical, and such. Themes always vary according to artistic interest and inclinations that sets the liberalism as a dominant ideology. Exhibiting corporate power and capitalism may be observed from the setting of movies, such that most movies, music, and television shows represent in one way or another, the concept of the American dream – which when analyzed deeply represents utopia which symbolizes power and perfection. Sports events also represent the dominant ideology of corporate power and capitalism. Famous American sports such as basketball, American football, and baseball, represent the dominant ideologies of the country. Sports events are capitalistic in nature, such that almost every aspect of it boils down to business. Americans patronize sporting events, as it is highly advertised to the public. Majority of Americans attend these sporting events, then comes the opportunity for business institutions to make profit from it, by selling tickets, food, props, and such. I believe it is capitalistic in nature because of the strong business context of sporting events. References Bayes, J. (2005). â€Å"Democratic Dreams in the United States in the Age of Empire: A Feminist Perspective from the North† Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Hilton Hawaiian Village, Honolulu, Hawaii. Retrieved October 15, 2008, from All Academic Incorporated. Website: http://www. allacademic. com/meta/p70048_index. html Dominant Ideology Thesis. (1998). Retrieved October 15, 2008, from Highbeam Research, Inc. Website: http://www. encyclopedia. com/doc/1O88-dominantideologythesis. html Edwords, F. (1989). What is Humanism? Retrieved October 15, 2008, from the American Humanist Association. Website: http://www. jcn. com/humanism. html Major Themes in American Literature. (2008). Retrieved October 15, 2008, from JHSSAAC. Website: http://school. jhssac. org/Faculty/HrgaI/documents/Summaryofthe5Themes. pdf

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

John Locke on Property Essay

Natural reason suggests that human beings have the right to preserve themselves the moment they are born. An individual can utilize everything that he sees around him to preserve himself. He can drink if he is thirsty; he can eat if he is hungry. Nature, which God gave to the world, is the individual’s source of materials for his preservation. Locke emphasized that the world was given to the whole humanity by God. This, for Locke, is nothing but common knowledge (Locke 11). Locke questions how an individual can actually own a thing. He finds it difficult to understand why, when God has given the Earth to His children, men would search for things on earth and label it as their own. Since it is difficult to find a part of the Earth which an individual can own and call it his â€Å"property†, then the only easy way to solve this dilemma is to have the world owned by a universal monarch. This, then, would only be possible upon the belief that Adam owns the world because god gave it to him. As Adam has the world, it also means that his heirs own the world, too (Locke 11). Since this clearly is not the case in today’s world and in today’s society, Locke promises that he will explain how an individual claim a part of what God has given mankind, and that, with no single express compact of all people (Locke 11). As God has given mankind a whole world, it also means that along with this, He has given mankind a reason to use this world to their convenience and best advantage. The world are has everything that a man needs to survive. It has air, water, food and shelter. It contains that things that an individual needs to live a comfortable life. Whatever is found in this world all help in supporting the life of an individual (Locke 13). Although the food found on earth, including the animals or the predators that feed on them, are all qualified as properties of mankind (since nature produces all them), the fact alone that they are included as part of the earth means that even the predators are necessary for the survival of mankind – even when these beasts harm the quality of living of an individual. There will always be a way for a man to know how a harmful beast may help him. Whatever way this is, he has yet to figure out, but the fact remains that a harmful beast is indeed beneficial since it is a part of the world that God gave him (Locke 14). For Locke, the meat and the fruit which an individual feeds on are both considered occupants of the earth. No other individual will have the right to own that particular meat or particular fruit before it can support his life. No one has a right to something if the benefits are yet undiscovered (Ishay 116). The earth is indeed common to all the people living in it – to all its occupants. Then again, each individual has a property of his own. He is the only person who can practice his rights on that certain thing since he is the only person owning it. His hands do the working. His body does the laboring. Because of all these, whatever he produces rightfully becomes his property. Whatever thing nature has provided, which he, in turn, takes away from the state, becomes his property, as soon as he mixes his labor with it. Whatever it is that he takes away from the state which was placed there because of nature eliminates the right of other men, as long as he was able to own it through his hardships and labor (Ishay 116). Labor is indeed an important factor in this case, since labor is something that mankind cannot question. Labor is the unquestionable property of the man who is laboring. The man laboring is the only man who has the right to his products (Ishay 116). Whoever is being supported and benefited by the fruits of his labor has definitely appropriated these fruits for him. The question of Locke now, is when exactly did this fruit became his own? If, for example, an individual harvests the apple that came from the tree he himself planted, when exactly did he own the apple? Was it from the time when he digested the apple, since it is believed that as he is nourished by the fruit of his labor, he can start calling this his own? Or was it from the time when he picked the apples from the tree (Ishay 117)? What marks the difference between the common man and himself is labor. Labor defines what nature cannot. If an individual makes use of what nature has given him, and he, in turn, starts to benefit from it, then he owns the fruit. The man is able to own things as he extends what a nature can do to support his life. Here is where the concept of private right comes in (Ishay 118). Another dilemma is realized from this perspective, since will one not have a right to that apple which he appropriated for himself if mankind did not allow him to? Does he need the consent of other men to make the apple his property? Would this be considered robbery, since whatever is found on this earth is a property of all men (Boaz 123)? Then again, John Locke argued that consent from other men is not even necessary in the first place. If an individual always waits for a go-signal from other men so that he can start owning and eating an apple, then he will end up being starved. What is common in mankind, or common in â€Å"commoners†, is the act of taking something away from this world to make it his property. Nature leaves something in the state, and commoners remove it out from there. As an individual removes it from the state, it starts to be his property. Without such property, then the individual will be of no use to the world. Taking something which an individual may consider his property is not dependent on whether or not commoners will allow him to (Boaz 123). The grass is in the lands to be eaten by a horse. A servant sees a turf which he may cut. All people can see ores, and all of them have right to the meat. An individual can do everything that he can, and thus exhibit acts of labor, to produce something that can benefit him. As a product of his labor, his prize is to own it as its property. He does not need to consult other men; more so, need their consent. The moment an individual removes something from the state is already a manifestation of a labor being enacted. There is a struggle, a difficulty, and an action taking place as an individual takes something away from the state. From this point exactly, an individual owns a thing (Boaz 123). John Locke’s main argument when he said that property is prior to the political state; he was referring to the law of reason. This law is what makes the deer a proper of an Indian, only if this Indian went his way into killing the deer. Once he exerted effort and enacted labor into killing the deer, then he has every right to eat the deer. The deer used to be a property of the world, and of everyone. Killing it is also a right of every person. Then again, whoever has the reason to go first and bestow his energy, labor and power to kill the deer, is the same person who owns the meat. Reason is what defines a person’s property, according to John Locke. Whatever it is that is found in this earth is a property of everyone, and everyone has the right to owning it. Then, again, labor, when fueled with reason, is what makes and what allows a person to own something and start calling it his property (Boaz 124). For John Locke, it is effortless to imagine and think how labor can start and prescribe a person’s property, considering the fact and the supposed challenge that may be faced since this property used to be a property of all mankind, and this property of mankind is coming from nature – the nature itself being an entity that belongs to everyone. The limits of a property are defined by how we spend it. For John Locke, arguments and conflicts regarding property and owndership may be eliminated if we see things his way (Boaz 125). Through John Locke’s view in property, he suggests that convenience and right go along together. He has his right which is his reason enough to employ his labor on a property common to mankind. Once he goes through challenges to own it to his convenience, then there should be no room left for conflict and quarrel. Whoever went his way to experience challenges just to reap what he saw, has every right to own the fruits of his labor (Boaz 126). Works Cited Boaz, David. The Libertarian Reader: Classic and Contemporary Readings from Lao-tzu to Milton Friedman. Free Press, 1998. Ishay, Micheline. The Human Rights Reader: Major Political Essays, Speeches, and Documents from Ancient Times to the Present. CRC Press, 2007. Locke, John. Two Treatises of Government. Kessinger Publishing, 2004.